The Multifamily Download  ·  January 4, 2025

2025 Outlook, Consumer Credit, & Delinquencies

release edition [001]

read time [8 minutes]

Welcome to The Multifamily Download, a weekly newsletter where I provide institutional insights to help you build an exceptional career in Real Estate.


Today at a Glance:

  • Introduction: The hypothesis behind my newsletter refresh
  • Outlook: Forecasts, 2025 predictions, and considerations
  • News: Implications of a rumored Freddie / Fannie spinout
  • Finance: The wealth gap, consumer debt, and implications
  • Weekly Listen: Treppwire Podcast Episode 299
  • Conferences: Attending IMN Laguna Beach or NMHC Vegas? Let's connect in person!

My go-to tool for market research & content creation:


Introduction

For those of you that are new here, welcome! I'm glad you're here.

As a quick background, I have been writing a weekly newsletter for 76 consecutive weeks, but this is the first edition of my rebranded newsletter, "The Multifamily Download".

"Trey, why the change?"

In addition to writing this newsletter, I've been actively publishing on LinkedIn for nearly 18-months. Toward the end of 2024 I came to realize that my 'public' message (aka LinkedIn) was very different from my 'private' one (aka my Newsletter). Given my aspirations in Multifamily, I felt this rebrand would (a) help enhance your reading and learning experience, and (b) improve the overall perception and value of my growth online.

"What can I expect?"

The Multifamily Download will deliver exactly what it promises -- institutional insights every Saturday. My day job is as the VP of Multifamily Investments for a ~$500M AUM Multifamily owner/operator, where I help oversee acquisitions, asset management, investor relations, special projects, and many debt/equity relationships. Simply put, I live and breathe Multifamily, and I'm excited to share my institutional approach and learnings here with you. The topics will vary from week to week, but the format should remain the same.

"What if I'm not an institutional investor?"

Rest assured, we're cut from the same cloth. My Multifamily journey began in private client Multifamily investment sales ($1M - $20M) at Cushman & Wakefield in Southern California, so I understand the entire spectrum of Multifamily assets. This newsletter will share insights both professionally and thoughtfully, which can then be applied to your private investing network, investment sales or brokerage career, or investments alongside friends & family.

"I'm not in the Real Estate industry"

Some of you reading this found me because of my career related content, and I'm grateful you're here! As you probably know, many of the wealthiest people in the world own Real Estate. It is my hope that you'll stick around to observe, learn, and eventually apply the information that I will be sharing inside of The Multifamily Download newsletter. That said, no hard feelings if you decide to leave, but I would simply ask that you share this link with a friend or family member that likes or owns Real Estate in case they'd like to become a weekly reader.

My intent here is pure, and I hope that shines through in my writing. Yes, I'd like to eventually generate revenue with this newsletter and my other offerings, but, I will always put you, the reader, first by maintaining professionalism and sharing my most valuable insights.

This newsletter is my labor of love, and it is intended to help you grow your Real Estate knowledge.

In return, if you enjoy it, I simply ask that you share the link below with your friends or family.


Outlook

Multifamily is poised for a remarkably positive upcoming 3- to 5-years thanks to several market and economic tailwinds. Investors are becoming increasingly more optimistic, with Deloitte's 2025 commercial real estate outlook survey showing Multifamily as the top opportunity for North American owners and investors over the next 12- to 18-months. Below are 5 of the key tailwind variables to keep an eye on in 2025.

  1. Supply: Record Deliveries + Slowing Starts
  2. Demand: Record Affordability Gap + High Mortgage Rates
  3. Maturities: Maturities Wall Rising + Borrower Runway Shortening
  4. Distress: DSCRs Falling, OpEx Rising, & Rents Stagnating
  5. Demographics: Prime Renter Pool Growing Until 2030

Let's unpack each of these briefly.

  1. Supply: 2024 and 2025 will mark record new construction deliveries, and will reach levels not seen since the 1970s. However, new construction starts are down 50%-70% nationally, which means deliveries in 2026-2027 will be average at best. This bodes well for normalized (or elevated) rent growth from 2027-2029.
  2. Demand: The gap between the cost of owning a home relative to renting has never been wider than it is today. Many renters are priced-out from buying a home. Many able homebuyers are not willing because prices AND mortgage rates are up relative to 2022. Finally, with mortgage rates hovering around 7% today, combined with 80% of mortgages outstanding at sub-5% interest, which has taken the move-up buyer out of the market. This bodes well for existing owners and net-buyers of Multifamily.
  3. Maturities: The NY Fed published a whitepaper in November that documents the growing CRE loan maturity wall resulting from 'extend and pretend' behavior by lenders of loans oustanding. The longer these lenders wait, the worse it could get, because more loans will come due during a smaller time window, which may put downward pressure on pricing. This bodes well for net-buyers of Multifamily from 2025-2027.
  4. Distress: Owning multifamily post-COVID has been challenging due to three primary scenarios: (1) older 'value-add' properties, due to monumental OpEx increases post-COVID and filtering (the process by which residents move up from C to B and B to A-Class properties due to favorable concessions and/or lease rates), (2) lease-up new construction in high-supply markets, due to fierce competition for new residents & occupancy, and (3) balance sheet distress, due to borrowers not having the capital available or accessible to fund necessary repairs, CapEx projects, right-size their loans with principal paydowns, or extend their loan terms with Rate Cap purchases. This bodes well for net-buyers of Multifamily from 2025-2027.
  5. Demographics: The 20-34 year old demographic will continue growing until 2030, and then level off. Additionally, 65+ year old demographic has an increasing desire to lighten their liabilities by selling their appreciated long-time home to enjoy a more flexible, lower cost renter lifestyle. This bodes well for Multifamily and BTR ("build to rent") owners and buyers going forward.

Next week, I'll share some of the 2025 outlook research that I've been studying along with my personal predictions.


News

Famous hedge fund investor Bill Ackman made a bold prediction recently on X where he predicted that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (known as GSEs, or Government Sponsored Enterprise) will be removed from conservatorship and be allowed to operate as standalone business entities. I think this is fascinating to consider, and while it is somewhat idealistic given his status as a current shareholder of both Fannie and Freddie stock, I think it is realistic to occur under the new administration.

If you're interested in learning more, Bill Ackman is hosting an X Space conversation on January 16th at 6:00am to discuss this topic further. You can set a reminder by clicking here.

"A successful emergence of Fannie and Freddie from conservatorship should generate more than $300 billion of additional profits to the Federal government (this is on top of the $301 billion of cash distributions already paid to the Treasury) while removing ~$8 trillion of liabilities from our government’s balance sheet." - Bill Ackman, CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management

Finance

The U.S. is in a debt crisis that many people have not yet identified.

Based on what I read on X from The Kobeissi Letter, there is a perfect storm potentially brewing, including (1) credit card debt reaching ATH of $1.17T alongside credit card interest rates reaching ATH of 23.4%, (2) credit card lenders wrote off $46bn in seriously deliquent loans YTD through September 2024, and (3) the U.S. Gov debt is currently $36.3T with an average interest rate of 3.4%, which has doubled from ~1.5% in early 2022.

While household debt payments as a percentage of disposable income is not alarming at ~11.5% (for context, this approached 16% during the GFC), it is climbing rapidly. Total U.S. credit card debt topped $1 trillion for the first time ever in the second quarter of 2023, and increased 8.3% over the one-year period ending September 30, 2024.

Furthermore, a bubble appears to have formed in the Stock market.

The current P/E ratio of the S&P 500 is 29 compared to the historical median P/E ratio of ~18. Just 7 stocks, the "Mag 7", accounted for 75% of the S&P 500's profits and more than 50% of the price gains in 2024. Additionally, the S&P 500 rose more than 20% in 2024 for the second straight year, a feat last accomplished in the 1990s.

The graph below demonstrates the record-level concentration of wealth in the U.S. Equities (stock) market. US households' allocation to stocks as a percentage of financial assets rose to 43.4% in Q3 2024, an all-time high. This percentage has surpassed the previous record of 41.7% set in Q4 2021, according to the Fed data. Households’ stock allocation is now even higher than at the 2000 Dot-Com Bubble peak of 38.5%. Meanwhile, the top 10% of households now own 87% of all stocks with the top 1% owning half of them. At the same time, the bottom 50% holds just 1% of all equities.

There is no simple or singular path forward, unfortunately. The Fed is in a tough spot, especially given the bond sell-off that occurred in Q4 2024 after the Fed began it's easing cycle. They will likely continue to cut in 2025, but the impact on U.S. Treasuries and therefore Real Estate remains largely unknown, especially with during a transition year in the White House.

The reality is this: Approximately 68% of the U.S. GDP comes from consumer spending. If consumers begin spending less in 2025, productivity measures may drop, profitability of businesses may fall, and there could be a negative ripple effect felt across the economy including in the Real Estate sector.

I know this is not a fun topic to consider, but it's a potential reality nonetheless. The next four years under the new administration may be pivotal to a productive and prosperous future for America.


Weekly Listen

My favorite podcast episode this week was the Treppwire Podcast Episode 299, which explored current & historical delinquency data along with a few 2025 predictions. These were my biggest takeaways:

  1. Multifamily sector non-Agency CMBS delinquency ("DQ") rose 40bps MoM to 4.58% in December. (+9.6% increase in just 1 month). For context, public Freddie-K deal DQ is just 0.7%.
  2. Office sector DQ rate rose 63bps to an all-time high ("ATH") of 11.01% in December. For context, the previous ATH was 10.7% in 2012.
  3. Overall CMBS DQ in January 2000 was 0.51% and was sub-2% until April 2009, when it rose to 2.24%. The peak overall CMBS DQ was 10.32% in July 2012.
  4. Overall CMBS DQ in January 2023 was 2.94%, January 2024 was 4.66%, and December 2024 was 6.57%. (This 123% climb in 24-months is not a good sign).
  5. Potential out-performer, 'comeback' markets mentioned: San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Houston.

Conferences

Are you attending either of the two conferences below? I'm attending and it would be great to meet you there!

Conference: IMN - Private Fund Investing

Location (Dates): Laguna Beach, CA (January 22-24)

Conference: NMHC - Annual Meeting

Location (Dates): Las Vegas, NV (January 27-30)


Closing Remarks

Well, 2025 has officially arrived. Opportunities in Multifamily will present themselves this year, so make sure you're ready. It's time to dust off your keyboard, load up the coffee maker, and pick up your cell phone. Let's make it happen this year! #ThriveIn2025

Forwarded this email? Sign up here.

Join me on LinkedIn | Twitter | Website

Get the next issue

Free every Saturday, read by thousands of multifamily professionals.

Subscribe Free →
← Back to the archive